Descending fifths sequence
Introduction to the Circle of Fifths Sequence
The circle of fifths sequence is one of the most important harmonic progressions in music. It
describes a series of chords in which each chord lies a fifth below the previous one. This sequence
is widely used in jazz, but also in classical and pop music.
Tonal vs. Real Circle of Fifths Sequence
There are two main types of descending fifths sequences:
• Tonal Circle of Fifths Sequence: This version uses the harmonic minor scale, which, for
example, changes G to G♯ in A minor scale. This creates a logical connection between the chords in a
harmonic context.
• Real Circle of Fifths Sequence: This version follows a strict downward movement by fifths. For
instance, in A minor, instead of using E7, an Em chord is played.
Awareness of Key
It’s crucial to be aware of the key you’re playing in. This helps you derive the correct chords from
the circle of fifths chart and improvise confidently—see the chart for reference.
How to Find the Next Fifth
The next step in the sequence is found by moving down a fifth in the circle of fifths. Alternatively,
you can move up a fourth, since a descending fifth and an ascending fourth cover the same interval
—an octave.
Example:
• Descending fifths: C – F – B – E – A♭
• Ascending fourths: C – F – B – E – A♭
Both methods lead to the same chord progression within the fifths sequence.
Connection Between Scale Tones and the Fifths Sequence
Each key has a specific set of tones (e.g., the notes in the A minor scale). The chords used in the
circle of fifths sequence are based on these tones and provide a harmonic framework often used in
compositions.
Number of Chords in the Tonal Minor Fifths Sequence
The fifths sequence in a minor key typically consists of seven chords derived from the respective
scale. In A minor, these are:
Am – Dm – G – C – F – Bm7 5 – E – (Am)♭
This progression can appear in different variations but is a central element of musical harmony.
The Tonal Minor Fifths Sequence – A Powerful Tool
The tonal minor fifths sequence is one of the most frequently used chord progressions in music—
especially in jazz, but also in Baroque music and pop ballads.
Examples:
• Passacaglia by Handel
• Autumn Leaves
• Fly Me to the Moon, etc.
If you have a lead sheet (chord symbol sheet) for one of these songs, you can easily follow the
chord progression. Once you’re aware that the chords follow a fifths sequence, you can anticipate
the harmonic flow—this helps with improvisation and playing without sheet music.
Pratice with the Gm ( Gmin) sequence
